Перехід на електрокари не допоможе боротьбі зі зміною клімату – Polestar та Rivian

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Компанії Polestar та Rivian випустили звіт про стан справ із викидами парникових газів в автомобільній галузі. 

У документі стверджується, що цілей, встановлених Міжурядовою групою експертів зі зміни клімату, досягти неможливо. Для цього необхідно радикально знижувати вуглецевий слід як на етапі експлуатації електромобілів, а й на етапі виробництва. До середини наступного десятиліття нові машини повинні бути електричними і заряджати їх потрібно тільки від відновлюваних джерел енергії.

Дослідження Pathway Report, підготовлене консалтинговою фірмою Kearney на замовлення Polestar і Rivian, дохідливо пояснює, чому без істотної трансформації автомобільної галузі, особливо виробництва, неможливо досягти цілей зниження викидів парникових газів (GHG). Згідно з документом, за нинішнього стану справ бюджет емісії CO₂e (різні види парникових газів, приведені до загальної одиниці вимірювання; складає 75—80 гігатонн) буде вичерпано вже до 2035 року, а до 2050-го викиди GHG перевищать цільові показники.

Проблему можна вирішити лише загальними зусиллями, вважають автори звіту. Щоправда, їхні пропозиції надто радикальні, до того ж мають реалізуватися у комплексі. Скажімо, недостатньо збільшити частку електрокарів у загальних продажах із 6 до майже 100 відсотків до 2032 року. Потрібно ще заряджати їх лише електрикою із відновлюваних джерел. Але навіть у цьому випадку перевитрата викидів GHG буде близько 25 відсотків. Знизити їх до нуля допоможе декарбонізація ланцюжків постачання.

А ось на цьому рівні у компаній все дуже погано. Через батареї електромобілі в середньому дають на 35—50 відсотків більше парникових газів під час виробництва, ніж машини з ДВЗ. Щоб залишитись у рамках емісії, необхідно через дев’ять років знизити її на 81 відсоток. Завдання практично нереалізоване, тому що вимагатиме зміни структури енергоспоживання (ніякого викопного палива в принципі) та впровадження нових дорогих технологій. Це і матеріали, і батарейна хімія, і технології виробництва чавуну з використанням водню та багато іншого.

Все це коштує недешево, тому кількість екологічних проектів обчислюється одиницями. До них можна віднести будівництво заводу Porsche з випуску синтетичного палива, експерименти Volvo із «зеленою» сталлю, а також запуск установки із захоплення CO₂ з атмосфери — спільний проект Audi та швейцарської фірми Climeworks. Втім, висока концентрація вуглекислоти в повітрі має не тільки мінуси, а й плюси — зростання біомаси. Наприклад, збільшення кількості CO₂ в атмосфері за рахунок покращення фотосинтезу призвело до зростання лісів у США на 30 відсотків.

Раніше theROAD. писали, що на думку Toyota повний перехід на електрокари шкідливий для планети.

Запис Перехід на електрокари не допоможе боротьбі зі зміною клімату – Polestar та Rivian спершу з’явиться на theROAD..